lithium chloride

bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" \| General
align="center" colspan="2" \|
align="center" colspan="2" \| IUPAC name lithium chloride
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Molecular formula	LiCl
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Molecular weight	42.39 amu
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Appearance	white crystalline solid
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| CAS number	7447-41-8
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| MSDS	MSDS Baker MSDS
bgcolor="#ffeedd" colspan="2" \| Other names
colspan="2" \| none
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" \| Bulk properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Density	2.07 g/cm³
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Solubility	water_(molecule): 63.7 g/100 cm³ (0 °C) methanol: 42.4 g/100 cm³ (25 °C) acetone: 4.11g/100 cm³ (25 °C)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Melting point	605 °C (878 K)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Boiling point	>1300 °C (>1570 K)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Hazards:	Irritant
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" \| Structure
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Coordination geometry	?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Crystal structure	cubic
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| Hydrates	monohydrate
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" \| Related compounds
bgcolor="#ffeedd" \| lithium fluoride lithium bromide lithium iodide	sodium chloride magnesium chloride

Overview

Lithium chloride behaves as a fairly typical ionic compound, although the Li⁺ ion is very small. The salt is hygroscopic and highly soluble in water, and is highly polar. It is more soluble in polar organic solvents such as methanol and acetone than is sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Chemical properties

Lithium chloride can react as a source of chloride ion. As with any other soluble ionic chloride, it will precipitate insoluble chlorides when added to a solution of an appropriate metal salt such as lead(II) nitrate: 2 LiCl(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) -----> PbCl₂(s) + 2 LiNO₃(aq) The Li⁺ ion acts as a weak Lewis acid under certain circumstances.

Preparation

Lithium chloride may be prepared most simply by reaction of lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. It may also be prepared by the highly exothermic reaction of lithium metal with either chlorine or anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas.

Uses

Lithium chloride is used for the production of lithium metal, by electrolysis of a LiCl/KCl melt at 450 °C. LiCl is also used as a brazing flux for aluminium in automobile parts.

Precautions

Suppliers/Manufacturers

References

# Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.

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