| a href="/encyclopedia/Country" title="Country">Country | Head of state | Head of government | | a href="/encyclopedia/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan | colspan=2|Hamid Karzai |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Albania" title="Albania">Albania | Alfred Moisiu | Fatos Nano |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria | Abdelaziz Bouteflika | Ahmed Ouyahia |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra | Joan Enric Vives Siclia (represented by Nemesi Marqus Oste)
and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni) | Marc Forn Moln |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Angola" title="Angola">Angola | Jos Eduardo dos Santos | Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Antigua-and-Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir James Carlisle | Baldwin Spencer |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina | colspan=2|Nstor Kirchner |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia | Robert Kocharyan | Andranik Margaryan |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Australia" title="Australia">Australia | Elizabeth II, represented by Michael Jeffery | John Howard |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Austria" title="Austria">Austria | Heinz Fischer | Wolfgang Schssel |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan | İlham Əliyev | Artur Rasizade |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bahamas" title="Bahamas">Bahamas | Elizabeth II, represented by Dame Ivy Dumont | Perry Christie |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain | Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa | Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh | Iajuddin Ahmed | Khaleda Zia |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Clifford Husbands | Owen Arthur |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus | Aleksandr Lukashenko | Sergey Sidorsky |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium | Albert II | Guy Verhofstadt |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Belize" title="Belize">Belize | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Colville Young | Said Musa |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Benin" title="Benin">Benin | colspan=2|Mathieu Krkou |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan | Jigme Singye Wangchuk | Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia | colspan=2|Carlos Mesa |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina | Borislav Paravac (President of the Presidency), Sulejman Tihić, Dragan Čović | Adnan Terzić |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana | colspan=2|Festus Mogae |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil | colspan=2|Luiz Incio Lula da Silva |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei | colspan=2|Sir Hassanal Bolkiah |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria | Georgi Purvanov | Simeon Sakskoburggotski |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Burkina-Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso | Blaise Compaor | Paramanga Ernest Yonli |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi | colspan=2|Domitien Ndayizeye |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia | Norodom Sihamoni | Samdech Hun Sen |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon | Paul Biya | Ephram Inoni |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Canada" title="Canada">Canada | Elizabeth II, represented by Adrienne Clarkson | Paul Martin |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Cape-Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde | Pedro Pires | Jos Maria Neves |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Central-African-Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic | Franois Boziz | Clestin Gaombalet |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Chad" title="Chad">Chad | Idriss Dby | Pascal Yoadimnadji |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Chile" title="Chile">Chile | colspan=2|Ricardo Lagos |
| a href="/encyclopedia/People's-Republic-of-China" title="People's Republic of China">China (PRC) | Hu Jintao | Wen Jiabao |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia | colspan=2|lvaro Uribe |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros | colspan=2|Azali Assoumani |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Congo-(Brazzaville)" title="Congo (Brazzaville)">Congo (Brazzaville) | Denis Sassou-Nguesso | Isidore Mvouba (titular) |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Kinshasa) | colspan=2|Joseph Kabila |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Costa-Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica | colspan=2|Abel Pacheco |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Cte-d'Ivoire" title="Cte d'Ivoire">Cte d'Ivoire | Laurent Gbagbo | Seydou Diarra |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia | Stipe Mesić | Ivo Sanader |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba | colspan=2|Fidel Castro |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus | colspan=2|Tassos Papadopoulos |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Czech-Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic | Vclav Klaus | Stanislav Gross |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark | Margrethe II | Anders Fogh Rasmussen |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti | Ismal Omar Guelleh | Dileita Mohamed Dileita |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica | Nicholas Liverpool | Roosevelt Skerrit |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Dominican-Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic | colspan=2|Leonel Fernndez |
| a href="/encyclopedia/East-Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor | Xanana Gusmo | Mari Alkatiri |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador | colspan=2|Lucio Gutirrez |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt | Hosni Mubarak | Ahmed Nazif |
| a href="/encyclopedia/El-Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador | colspan=2|Antonio Saca |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Equatorial-Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Miguel Abia Biteo Boric |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea | colspan=2|Isaias Afewerki |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia | Arnold Rtel | Juhan Parts |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia | Girma Wolde-Giorgis | Meles Zenawi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji | Ratu Josefa Iloilo | Laisenia Qarase |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Finland" title="Finland">Finland | Tarja Halonen | Matti Vanhanen |
| a href="/encyclopedia/France" title="France">France | Jacques Chirac | Jean-Pierre Raffarin |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon | Omar Bongo | Jean-Franois Ntoutoume Emane |
| a href="/encyclopedia/The-Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia | colspan=2|Yahya Jammeh |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Georgia-(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia | Mikheil Saakashvili | Zurab Nogaideli |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Germany" title="Germany">Germany | Horst Khler | Gerhard Schrder |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana | colspan=2|John Kufuor |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Greece" title="Greece">Greece | Karolos Papoulias | Kostas Karamanlis |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Daniel Williams | Keith Mitchell |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala | colspan=2|scar Berger |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea | Lansana Cont | Cellou Dalein Diallo |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau | Henrique Rosa | Carlos Gomes |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana | Bharrat Jagdeo | Sam Hinds |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti | Boniface Alexandre | Grard Latortue |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras | colspan=2|Ricardo Maduro |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary | Ferenc Mdl | Ferenc Gyurcsny |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland | lafur Ragnar Grmsson | Halldr sgrmsson |
| a href="/encyclopedia/India" title="India">India | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | Manmohan Singh |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia | colspan=2|Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Iran" title="Iran">Iran | colspan=2|Ali Khamenei (Rahbar - "leader"); Mohammad Khatami (president) |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq | Ghazi al-Yawar | Iyad Allawi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Republic-of-Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland | Mary McAleese | Bertie Ahern |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Israel" title="Israel">Israel | Moshe Katsav | Ariel Sharon |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Italy" title="Italy">Italy | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Silvio Berlusconi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Howard Cooke | Percival Patterson |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Japan" title="Japan">Japan | Akihito | Junichiro Koizumi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan | Abdullah II | Faisal al-Fayez |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan | Nursultan Nazarbayev | Daniyal Akhmetov |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya | colspan=2|Mwai Kibaki |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati | colspan=2|Anote Tong |
| a href="/encyclopedia/North-Korea" title="North Korea">Korea (DPRK) | Kim Jong Il (highest administrative authority);
Kim Yong Nam (Head of State for Foreign Affairs) | Pak Pong Ju |
| a href="/encyclopedia/South-Korea" title="South Korea">Korea (ROK) | Roh Moo Hyun | Lee Hai Chan |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait | Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah | Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan | colspan=2|Kurmanbek Bakiyev (acting) |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Laos" title="Laos">Laos | Khamtai Siphandon | Boungnang Vorachith |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia | Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga | Aigars Kalvītis |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon | mile Lahoud | Omar Karami |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho | Letsie III | Pakalitha Mosisili |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia | colspan=2|Gyude Bryant |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Libya" title="Libya">Libya | Mu'ammar Al Qadhafi (de facto);
Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (de jure) | Shukri Ghanem |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein | Hans-Adam II (Sovereign Prince);
Prince Alois (Regent) | Otmar Hasler |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania | Valdas Adamkus | Algirdas Brazauskas |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg | Henri | Jean-Claude Juncker |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Republic-of-Macedonia" title="Republic of Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia | Branko Crvenkovski | Vlado Bučkovski |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar | Marc Ravalomanana | Jacques Sylla |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi | colspan=2|Bingu wa Mutharika |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia | Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail | Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives | colspan=2|Maumoon Abdul Gayoom |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Mali" title="Mali">Mali | Amadou Toumani Tour | Ousmane Issoufi Maga |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Malta" title="Malta">Malta | Eddie Fenech Adami | Lawrence Gonzi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Marshall-Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands | colspan=2|Kessai Note |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania | Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya | Sghar Ould M'Bareck |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius | Sir Anerood Jugnauth | Paul Brenger |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico | colspan=2|Vicente Fox |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Federated-States-of-Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia | colspan=2|Joseph Urusemal |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova | Vladimir Voronin | Vasile Tarlev |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco | Albert II | Patrick Leclercq |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia | Natsagiyn Bagabandi | Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco | Muhammad VI | Driss Jettou |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique | Armando Guebuza | Luisa Diogo |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar | Than Shwe | Soe Win |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia | Hifikepunye Pohamba | Nahas Angula |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru | colspan=2|Ludwig Scotty |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal | colspan=2|Gyanendra |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands | Beatrix | Jan Peter Balkenende |
| a href="/encyclopedia/New-Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand | Elizabeth II, represented by Dame Silvia Cartwright | Helen Clark |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua | colspan=2|Enrique Bolaos |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Niger" title="Niger">Niger | Tandja Mamadou | Hama Amadou |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria | colspan=2|Olusegun Obasanjo |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Norway" title="Norway">Norway | Harald V | Kjell Magne Bondevik |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Oman" title="Oman">Oman | colspan=2|Qaboos ibn Said Al Bu Said |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan | Pervez Musharraf | Shaukat Aziz |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Palau" title="Palau">Palau | colspan=2|Tommy Remengesau |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Panama" title="Panama">Panama | colspan=2|Martn Torrijos |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Papua-New-Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Paulias Matane | Sir Michael Somare |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay | colspan=2|Nicanor Duarte |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Peru" title="Peru">Peru | Alejandro Toledo | Carlos Ferrero Costa |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines | colspan=2|Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Poland" title="Poland">Poland | Aleksander Kwaśniewski | Marek Belka |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal | Jorge Sampaio | Jos Scrates |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar | Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani | Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Romania" title="Romania">Romania | Traian Băsescu | Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Russia" title="Russia">Russia | Vladimir Putin | Mikhail Fradkov |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda | Paul Kagame | Bernard Makuza |
| a href="/encyclopedia/St.-Kitts-and-Nevis" title="St. Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Cuthbert Sebastian | Denzil Douglas |
| a href="/encyclopedia/St.-Lucia" title="St. Lucia">St. Lucia | Elizabeth II, represented by Dame Pearlette Louisy | Kenny Anthony |
| a href="/encyclopedia/St.-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines" title="St. Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Frederick Ballantyne | Ralph Gonsalves |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa | Malietoa Tanumafili II | Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/San-Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino | Cesare Antonio Gasperoni and Fausta Simona Morganti | Fabio Berardi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/So-Tom-and-Prncipe" title="So Tom and Prncipe">So Tom and Prncipe | Fradique de Menezes | Damio Vaz d'Almeida |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia | Fahd | Fahd (de jure), Crown Prince Abdullah (de facto) |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal | Abdoulaye Wade | Macky Sall |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Serbia-and-Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro | colspan=2|Svetozar Marović |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles | colspan=2|James Michel |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Sierra-Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone | colspan=2|Ahmad Tejan Kabbah |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore | S.R. Nathan | Lee Hsien Loong |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia | Ivan Gaparovič | Mikulš Dzurinda |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia | Janez Drnovšek | Janez Jana |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Solomon-Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands | Elizabeth II, represented by Sir Nathaniel Waena | Sir Allan Kemakeza |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia | Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed | Ali Muhammad Ghedi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/South-Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa | colspan=2|Thabo Mbeki |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Spain" title="Spain">Spain | Juan Carlos I | Jos Luis Rodrguez Zapatero |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Sri-Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka | Chandrika Kumaratunga | Mahinda Rajapakse |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan | colspan=2|Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname | Ronald Venetiaan | Jules Ajodhia |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Swaziland" title="Swaziland">Swaziland | Mswati III | Themba Dlamini |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden | Carl XVI Gustav | Gran Persson |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland | colspan=2|Moritz Leuenberger, Pascal Couchepin, Joseph Deiss, Samuel Schmid (President)1, Micheline Calmy-Rey, Christoph Blocher, Hans-Rudolf Merz |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Syria" title="Syria">Syria | Bashar al-Assad | Muhammad Naji al-Otari |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Republic-of-China" title="Republic of China">Taiwan (ROC) | Chen Shui-bian | Frank Hsieh |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan | Emomali Rahmonov | Okil Okilov |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania | Benjamin Mkapa | Frederick Sumaye |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand | Bhumibol Adulyadej | Thaksin Shinawatra |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Togo" title="Togo">Togo | Abass Bonfoh | Koffi Sama |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga | Taufa'ahau Tupou IV | Prince 'Ulukalala Lavaka Ata |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Trinidad-and-Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago | Maxwell Richards | Patrick Manning |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Mohamed Ghannouchi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey | Ahmet Necdet Sezer | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan | colspan=2|Saparmurat Niyazov |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu | Elizabeth II, represented by Faimalaga Luka | Maatia Toafa |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda | Yoweri Museveni | Apolo Nsibambi |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine | Viktor Yushchenko | Yuliya Tymoshenko |
| a href="/encyclopedia/United-Arab-Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates | Khalifa ibn Zayed Al Nahayan | Maktum ibn Rashid Al Maktum |
| a href="/encyclopedia/United-Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom | Elizabeth II | Tony Blair |
| a href="/encyclopedia/United-States" title="United States">United States | colspan=2|George W. Bush |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay | colspan=2|Tabar Vzquez |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan | Islam Karimov | Shavkat Mirziyayev |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu | Kalkot Mataskelekele | Ham Lini |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Vatican-City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City | colspan=2| Eduardo Cardinal Martnez Somalo, (acting) as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
The College of Cardinals holds certain rights of a head of state during a sede vacante |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela | colspan=2|Hugo Chvez |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam | Trần Đức Lương | Phan Văn Khải |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Western-Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara | Mohamed Abdelaziz | Abdelkader Taleb Oumar |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen | Ali Abdullah Saleh | Abdul Qader Bajammal |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia | colspan=2|Levy Mwanawasa |
| a href="/encyclopedia/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe | colspan=2|Robert Mugabe |