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Axe HistoriqueThe Axe historique (historical axis) is a line of monuments, buildings and thoroughfares that run out from the centre of Paris, France, to the west. It is also known as the "Voie Triomphale" (triumphal way). This began with the creation of the Champs lyses, designed in the 17th century to create a vista to the west, extending the central axis of the gardens the royal Palace of the Tuileries. Today the Tuileries Gardens (Jardins des Tuileries) remain, preserving their wide central pathway, though the palace was burned down during the Paris Commune, 1870. Between the Tuileries' gardens and the Champs lyses extension a jumble of buildings remained on the site of Place de la Concorde until early in the reign of Louis XV, for whom the square was at first named. Then the garden axis could open through a grand gateway into the new royal square. To the east, the Tuileries Palace faced an open square, the Place du Carrousel. There, by order of Napoleon, the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel was centered on the palace (and so on the same axial line that was developing beyond the palace) . Long-standing plans to link the entrance court of the "Vieux Louvre," as the disused palace was called, with the court of the Tuileries, by sweeping away the intervening buildings, finally came fruition in the early 19th century. Consequently the older axis extending from the courtyard of the Louvre happens to be slightly skewed to the rest of what has become the Axe historique, but the Arc du Carrousel at the fulcrum between the two serves to disguise the join. To the west, the completion of the Arc de Triomphe in 1836 on the Place de l'toile at the western end of the Champs lyses formed the far point of this line of perspective, which now starts at the central block of the Muse du Louvre, passing the modern-day glass Pyramide du Louvre of I.M. Pei. The axis was extended again westwards along the Avenue de la Grande Arme, past the city boundary of Paris to La Dfense. This was originally a large junction, named for a statue commemorating the defence of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War. In the 1950s, the area around La Dfense was marked out to become a new business district, and high-rise office buildings were built along the avenue. The axis found itself extended yet again, with ambitious projects for the western extremity of the modern plaza. It was not until the 1980s, under president Franois Mitterrand, that a project was initiated, with a modern 20th century version of the Arc de Triomphe. This is the work of Danish architect Johann Otto von Spreckelsen, La Grande Arche de la Fraternit (also known as simply La Grande Arche and, L'Arche de la Dfense), a monument to humanity and humanitarian ideals rather than militaristic victories. It was inaugurated in 1990. This adds a few twists to the axis: - the network of railway lines and road tunnels beneath the elevated plaza of La Dfense prevented the pillars supporting the arch from being exactly in line with the axis: it is slightly out of line, bending the axis should it be extended further to the west
- from the roof of the Grande Arche, a second axis can be seen: the Tour Montparnasse stands exactly behind the Eiffel Tower.
External links - http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/La_Grande_Arche.html
- http://www.aviewoncities.com/paris/defense.htm
- http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Paris/Monuments-Paris/Arc-Carrousel.shtml
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